**Lesson Plan for Senior Secondary 2: Technical Drawing - Engineering Drawing: Free-Hand Sketching (Pictorial and Orthographic Sketching)**
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**Lesson Title:** Engineering Drawing - Free-Hand Sketching of Engineering Components
**Grade Level:** Senior Secondary 2
**Subject:** Technical Drawing
**Duration:** 90 minutes
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### **Learning Objectives:**
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Understand the concepts of free-hand sketching.
2. Produce free-hand pictorial sketches of engineering components.
3. Produce free-hand orthographic sketches of engineering components.
4. Identify and apply the correct proportions and dimensions in sketches.
5. Improve hand-eye coordination and precision in technical drawing.
### **Materials Needed:**
- Pencils (HB, 2B)
- Erasers
- A3 and A4 size plain sheets
- Rulers
- Set squares
- Engineering components or models (e.g., nuts, bolts, brackets)
- Projection equipment (optional, for initial teaching)
### **Lesson Outline:**
#### **1. Introduction (15 minutes)**
- **Greeting and Settle Down**
- Welcome students.
- Briefly discuss the importance of engineering drawing in the field of engineering and manufacturing.
- **Explanation of Terms**
- Define and differentiate between pictorial and orthographic sketches.
- **Pictorial Sketching**: Creating a sketch that shows a three-dimensional view of the object.
- **Orthographic Sketching**: Creating a multi-view sketch (front, top, side) that represents the object's dimensions accurately.
- **Objective Overview**
- Explain the objectives of the lesson and what students will achieve by the end.
#### **2. Demonstration (15 minutes)**
- **Pictorial Sketching Demonstration**
- Choose an engineering component (e.g., a simple bracket).
- Demonstrate how to sketch the object pictorially, highlighting key steps:
- Outline the overall shape.
- Add details and refine shapes.
- Ensure proportional dimensions.
- **Orthographic Sketching Demonstration**
- Using the same component, demonstrate:
- How to draw three main views (front, top, and side).
- The importance of aligning views and maintaining consistency in dimensions.
- **Display Finished Sketches**
- Show completed examples of both pictorial and orthographic sketches.
#### **3. Guided Practice (35 minutes)**
- **Student Activity: Pictorial Sketching**
- Distribute the first engineering component or model to the students.
- Guide students step-by-step through the free-hand pictorial sketching process.
- Provide individual assistance as they work on their sketches.
- **Student Activity: Orthographic Sketching**
- Distribute the second engineering component or model.
- Lead students in creating orthographic projections:
- Front view
- Top view
- Side view
- Ensure students properly align views and keep dimensions consistent.
#### **4. Independent Practice (20 minutes)**
- **Free Practice**
- Allow students to choose an additional component.
- Instruct them to independently create both pictorial and orthographic sketches.
- Move around the classroom and provide feedback and corrections as needed.
#### **5. Conclusion (5 minutes)**
- **Review and Recap**
- Recap the key points and processes learned during the lesson.
- Discuss common challenges faced and tips to overcome them.
- **Assessment**
- Collect sketches for evaluation.
- Provide constructive feedback.
- **Homework Assignment**
- Assign homework to practice free-hand sketching of a household item, emphasizing both pictorial and orthographic views.
#### **6. Closing (5 minutes)**
- **Encouragement and Motivation**
- Praise students for their efforts.
- Highlight the importance of continual practice.
- Adjourn the class.
### **Assessment:**
- Evaluate students' sketches based on:
- Accuracy
- Proportionality
- Level of detail
- Neatness
### **Follow-Up:**
- Plan future lessons to introduce more complex components.
- Encourage use of CAD software for advanced students, building on their free-hand sketching skills.
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This lesson plan is designed to foster both technical skills and creativity in students, giving them a solid foundation in engineering drawing essential for their future studies and careers.